Knowledge synthesis: How trees evolve under novel conditions

Project lead  Prof Richard Buggs | Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Lead Organisation  Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Project status  Active
Project funding 26-27  £168,433
Research outcomes  Reducing the Risk | Adaptation | Recovery
Context
Most of our understanding of how species respond to new selective challenges is derived from studies in animals, microbes and annual plants. This knowledge underpins our insight into how species respond to rapid change in the biotic and abiotic environment (e.g. invasive pathogens, climate). But trees may differ greatly in their evolutionary dynamics. Trees are large, long-lived, immobile, sexual organisms that produce millions of propagules of seed and/or pollen during their lifetime, which sometimes travel long distances.

This project will seek answers to the question of how distinctive attributes of tree genetics affect their resilience, and strategies for reducing risk and recovery; in particular, their effects on how trees win “evolutionary arms races”.

Research aims and objectives
Aim:

Understand how trees evolve in the face of biotic and abiotic threats.


Objectives:
  • Produce a comprehensive, transdisciplinary bibliography of how trees evolve and adapt under new and emerging environmental conditions.
  • Bring together leading international geneticists for a structured, residential workshop to generate expert insight on how trees evolve under novel conditions.
  • Integrate this research and collective expertise into a high-impact review paper.
Expected outcomes
  • A comprehensive synthesis and new conceptual framework explaining how trees evolve under novel biotic and abiotic threats, integrating genetics, ecology, and recent advances in genomics.
  • A high-impact, multi-author review paper entitled “How trees evolve under novel conditions”.
  • Improved understanding of how tree evolution differs from other organisms, clarifying their potential for rapid adaptation and the risks of misinformed policy or management.
  • Strengthened scientific consensus and collaboration through expert workshops, producing insights that direct support resilience adaptation, risk reduction and recovery in forestry.
A woodland scene showing young trees and low vegetation growing on a forest floor. Slender oak saplings with fresh green leaves stand in the foreground among grasses and leaf litter, while taller mature trees form a canopy in the background. Sunlight filters through the trees, creating dappled light and shade across the woodland.

Title image: Crown Copyright. Forest Research
Body image: Crown Copyright. Forest Research

Glossary & Key Terms
Abiotic
Physical and environmental factors.
Biotic
Living organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects.
Genomics
The study of an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes, and how that DNA interacts within the organism and with its environment.
Propagule
​Biological material such as a seed, spore, bud, or cutting, that becomes detached from a parent organism and functions in dispersal and the creation of a new individual.

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